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Schwarzbauer, Pressure sintering method for fastening electronic components on a substrate, US5893511, Siemens, USA (1999). Calata, Nanoscale Metal Paste for Interconnect and Method of Use, WO2009/094537A2 (Blacksburg: Virginia Tech Intellectual Properties, 2009). Schwarzbauer, Apparatus for fastening electronic components to substrates, US5058796, Siemens, USA (1991). Schwarzbauer, Method and apparatus for fastening electronic components to substrates, US4903885, Siemens, USA (1990). Schwarzbauer, Method of securing electronic components to a substrate, US4810672, Siemens, USA (1989). Faltenbacher, 6th International Conference on Integrated Power Electronics Systems (Nuremberg, 2010), p. Lu, Proceedings of the 6th International Conference and Exhibition on Device Packaging (Arizona, 2010), p. thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 2005). Bai, Low-temperature sintering of nanoscale silver paste for semiconductor device interconnection (Ph.D. Miller, Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Integrated Power Electronics System (Nuremberg, 2010), p. This paper is expected to be useful to materials suppliers and semiconductor companies that are considering this technology for their future packages. This paper identifies four challenges that must be overcome for the proliferation of sintered Ag technology: changes in materials formulation, the successful navigation of the complex patent landscape, the availability of production and inspection equipment, and the health concerns of Ag nanoparticles. The long-term reliability of sintered Ag joints depends on the density of the sintered joint, selection of metallization or plating schemes, types of substrates, substrate roughness, formulation of Ag pastes/laminates, joint configurations (i.e., joint thicknesses and die sizes), and testing conditions. This review discusses the main methods of applying Ag pastes/laminates as die-attach materials and the related processing conditions.
Sintered Ag pastes are classified according to whether pressure is required for sintering and further classified according to their filler sizes. This review also covers the origin of sintered Ag, the different types and application methods of sintered Ag pastes and laminates, and the long-term reliability of sintered Ag joints. This review sets out to explore what is required to make this technology more viable. Despite its long development history, high thermal and electrical conductivities, and lead-free composition, sintered Ag technology has limited market penetration. Silver (Ag) has been under development for use as interconnect material for power electronics packaging since the late 1980s.
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